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High contrast 3D proximity correction for electron-beam lithography: An enabling technique for the fabrication of suspended masks for complete device fabrication within an UHV environment

机译:用于电子束光刻的高对比度3D接近校正:用于制造悬挂掩模的使能技术,用于在UHV环境中完成器件制造

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摘要

Abstract Many devices, such as lateral spin valves, depend critically on the quality of interfaces formed between different materials, and hence require the entire device to be fabricated within an ultra-high vacuum environment. This is possible using angled deposition with a suspended mask such that, by depositing from specific angles, different patterns form on the substrate beneath. We use a bi-layer of MMA(8.5)MAA copolymer and PMMA patterned by electron-beam lithography (EBL) to form such a mask. It is necessary, though, to perform proximity effect correction (PEC) in EBL to achieve the correct spatial distribution of electrons, and hence produce the desired pattern in the developed resist. For bi-layer processes this is a three-dimensional (3D) correction since we must optimise for two different critical doses (one for the copolymer, the other for the PMMA) at defined 3D positions within the resist stack. We perform this 3D correction using the commercial software BEAMER produced by GenISys GmbH. We show that by applying manual shape segregation and modulation to the exposure pattern, prior to the “3D-PEC” algorithm, it is possible to achieve much higher contrasts in the spatial distribution of absorbed energy and hence significantly increase the processing window, and yield in the fabrication of suspended masks.
机译:摘要许多设备(例如横向旋转阀)严重依赖于不同材料之间形成的界面的质量,因此需要在超高真空环境中制造整个设备。这可以通过使用具有悬浮掩模的成角度的沉积来实现,从而通过从特定角度进行沉积,可以在下方的基板上形成不同的图案。我们使用由电子束光刻(EBL)图案化的MMA(8.5)MAA共聚物和PMMA双层膜来形成这种掩模。但是,有必要在EBL中执行邻近效应校正(PEC),以实现正确的电子空间分布,从而在显影后的抗蚀剂中产生所需的图案。对于双层工艺,这是三维(3D)校正,因为我们必须在抗蚀剂叠层中定义的3D位置针对两个不同的临界剂量(一个用于共聚物,另一个用于PMMA)进行优化。我们使用GenISys GmbH生产的商业软件BEAMER进行3D校正。我们表明,在“ 3D-PEC”算法之前,通过对曝光图案进行手动形状分离和调制,可以在吸收能量的空间分布上实现更高的对比度,从而显着增加处理窗口和产量在制造悬挂式口罩。

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