摘要：
Sinonovacula constricta, with its own unique advantages, has become one of the early large-scale shellfishes in China, known as the four major cultivated shellfishes together with oysters,cockles and clams. Aquaculture of Sinonovacula constricta is a pillar industry in Fujian. However, until now Sinonovacula constricta is still harvested mostly by manual work with heavy labor intensity and low work efficiency. In response to the above problems, a kind of new-style Sinonovacula constricta harvester was developed by Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, which innovated the harvesting method by combining the three processes including harvesting, sorting and collecting together in one working process to improve the working efficiency and reduce the labor intensity. The harvesting and cleaning unit, as the core part, was designed with the working height of 791 mm and the width of the mud inlet of 500 mm. In order to overcome the leakage of Sinonovacula constricta from the sieve holes during harvesting, the shell width, shell height and shell length were determined by the deep culture experiments on Sinonovacula constricta, and the best sieve design parameters were obtained basing on the biological characteristics of Sinonovacula constricta.The best diameters for the sieve holes shall be 10-12 mm. The unit can not only apply to the harvesting of the thin-shell shellfishes represented by Sinonovacula constricta, but also provide a reference for the development and application of harvesting devices of the thin-shell shellfishes, thus having a better development prospect.%缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)养殖以其自身独特优势,成为中国较早开展规模化养殖的贝类之一,与牡蛎、蚶类和蛤仔共称为四大养殖贝,尤其在福建和江浙地区缢蛏养殖业属于支柱产业,但其采捕仍然以手工作业为主,劳动强度大,工作效率低.针对上述问题,研制一种新型缢蛏采收机,该设备创新收获方法,将采收、分选和收集3个工序融合在一个工作过程中,提高工作效率,降低劳动强度.对整机核心部分采收清洗装置进行设计,工作高度791 mm,入泥口宽度500 mm.为克服采收清洗装置采收时筛孔可能出现的漏贝情况,针对缢蛏生物学特性,利用缢蛏限深养殖试验确定不同穴居深度的缢蛏壳宽、壳高和壳长,从而得出最佳筛孔设计参数,筛孔直径范围在10~12 mm.该机不仅适应以缢蛏为代表的薄壳贝类采收,同时可以为薄壳贝类采收装置的开发和应用提供参考,有较好的开发前景.
