摘要：
目的 了解我国大陆地区县级医疗机构眼科卫生技术人员配置和服务提供整体情况,探讨地区间差异,为我国加强基层眼科人才队伍建设和制定切实可行的眼健康中长期规划提供参考依据.方法 调查研究.对全国提供眼科服务的县级及以上医疗机构通过网上填报的方式进行普查.本研究仅纳入县级医疗机构分析.采用描述性统计方法,分析我国大陆地区县级医疗机构眼科卫生技术人员配置和服务提供情况.各地区数据的比较采用卡方检验.结果 本次调查覆盖全国共3359家提供眼科服务的县级医疗机构,其中有1463家(43.55％)具有独立的眼科.平均每家医疗机构有眼科医师3.93人,眼科护士4.59人,专职视光师0.30人,专职配镜师0.21人.眼科医师学历以大学本科为主,高级、中级、初级职称比为1.0:1.7:1.9.眼科护士学历以大/中专为主,高级、中级、初级职称比为1.0:7.3:22.3.东、中、西部地区眼科医师(χ2=106.21,P<0.01)和护士(χ2=128.54,P<0.01)职称分布差异均有统计学意义.平均每位眼科医师的年门诊量、年门诊手术量、年住院量和年住院手术量分别为2377.62人次、109.79例、124.03人次、85.97例.能够独立开展白内障摘除手术的眼科医师共有4160人,占全部眼科医师数的31.50％.能够独立开展白内障摘除手术的眼科医师年人均白内障摘除手术量为181.81例.被调查的医疗机构眼科平均床位使用率为68.91％.有52.99％的医疗机构眼科床位使用率低于60％.结论 与1998年相比,我国大陆地区县级医疗机构眼科卫生技术人员队伍迅速壮大,眼科医护比趋于合理,但是眼科医师白内障摘除手术能力和手术数量均有待提升,眼科护理人员结构不合理,专职视光师和配镜师极为缺乏."十三五"时期是推动我国眼健康工作的关键期和机遇期,一方面要培养高素质的基层眼科卫生技术人员,另一方面要提高基层眼科床位使用率.%Objective To master the status of ophthalmic human resource allocation and service delivery at county level in Mainland China, and to provide the basis for strengthening the construction of grassroots ophthalmic personnel team and formulating feasible medium and long-term eye health plans. Methods All the medical institutions that provided ophthalmic service at county level or above were investigated by online reporting. This study only included medical institutions at county level. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Three thousand three hundred and fifty-nine medical institutions were included, of which 1463 hospitals had independent departments of ophthalmology (43.55％). Each medical institution has 3.93 ophthalmologists, 4.59 ophthalmic nurses, 0.30 full-time optometrist and 0.21 full-time optician. Ophthalmologists are mainly undergraduate, and the ratio of senior, intermediate and junior titles is 1.0:1.7:1.9. The ophthalmic nurses are mainly graduated from junior colleges or secondary schools, and the ratio of senior, intermediate and junior titles is 1.0:7.3:22.3. There were statistically differences in the distribution of job titles of ophthalmologists (χ2=106.21,P<0.01) and nurses (χ2=128.54,P<0.01) in the eastern, central and western regions. Of each ophthalmologist, the annual number of outpatient, outpatient surgery, inpatient and inpatient operation was 2377.62, 109.79, 124.03, and 85.97 respectively. Four thousand one hundred and sixty ophthalmologists were able to carry out cataract surgeries independently, accounting for 31.50％of all ophthalmologists. The quantity for annual per capita cataract operation among ophthalmologists who can perform cataract surgery independently was 181.81 per capita. The average beds rate of utilization was 68.91％, and that was less than 60％in 52.99％of medical institutions. Conclusions Compared with 1998, ophthalmic health personnel at county level in Mainland China has expanded rapidly. But cataract ability of ophthalmologists and the number of cataract surgeries still need to be improved . The structure of ophthalmic nursing staff is irrational. The full-time optometrists and opticians are extremely scarce. It is necessary to cultivate high-quality ophthalmic health personnel and improve beds rate of utilization at county level.
