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首页> 外文会议>4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam >Roles of Nanoparticles during Magnetic Resonance Navigation and Bacterial Propulsion for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Tumors
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Roles of Nanoparticles during Magnetic Resonance Navigation and Bacterial Propulsion for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Tumors

机译：纳米粒子在磁共振导航和细菌推进中增强肿瘤药物传递的作用

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It is well known that the uses of nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance medical imaging, diagnostics, and drug delivery. But for these applications and for drug delivery in particular, the difficulty in targeting specific organs in the body limits the role of these NPs for medical interventions. In cancer therapy for instance, systemic injections of drug-loaded nanoparticles result into an increase of toxicity in the body coupled with a reduction of the therapeutic outcome due to a lack of efficient targeting. Therefore, although the small size of drug-loaded NPs allows them to preferentially accumulate at tumor sites because tumors lack an effective lymphatic drainage system, most of the NPs may not reach the tumor sites but would rather reach healthy organs through systemic circulations. Hence, the challenge would be to deliver the higher percentage of the drug close enough to the tumor sites while avoiding systemic circulations. This can be achieved by adding an additional capability known as Magnetic Resonance Navigation (MRN) to the NPs without compromising their potentials for medical imaging, diagnostics, and drug delivery. MRN used for targeted drug delivery relies on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in therapeutic magnetic microcarriers (TMMCs) where such MNPs being fully saturated in a high homogeneous magnetic field, allow the induction of a pulling force through the use of 3D directional gradients for vascular navigation along a pre-planned path. Although the effectiveness of MRN is independent of the depth at which it operates unlike the use of an external magnet, travel is limited to larger diameter blood vessels. As such, MRN is complemented by bacterial propulsion where drug-loaded MC-1 magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) relying on a chain of NPs known as magnetosomes for directional control and previously transported through MR-compatible microcarriers, are being considered as vehicles capable of reaching the tumor sites through the microvasculature.
机译：众所周知，纳米颗粒（NPs）的使用可以增强医学成像，诊断和药物输送。但是对于这些应用，尤其是对于药物输送，靶向体内特定器官的困难限制了这些NP在医学干预中的作用。例如，在癌症治疗中，由于缺乏有效的靶向性，全身性注射载有药物的纳米颗粒会导致体内毒性增加，同时导致治疗效果降低。因此，尽管由于肿瘤缺乏有效的淋巴引流系统，较小的载药NP使它们优先在肿瘤部位积聚，但是大多数NP可能无法到达肿瘤部位，而是希望通过全身循环到达健康器官。因此，挑战将是在避免全身循环的同时，将足够多的药物递送到足够接近肿瘤部位的位置。这可以通过向NP添加称为磁共振导航（MRN）的附加功能来实现，而又不影响其在医学成像，诊断和药物输送方面的潜力。用于靶向药物递送的MRN依赖于嵌入治疗性磁性微载体（TMMC）中的磁性纳米颗粒（MNP），其中此类MNP在高均质磁场中完全饱和，可通过使用3D方向梯度来诱导血管产生拉力沿预定路径导航。尽管与使用外部磁体不同，MRN的有效性与操作深度无关，但是行进仅限于直径较大的血管。因此，MRN辅以细菌推进作用，其中载有药物的MC-1趋磁细菌（MTB）依赖于被称为磁小体的NP链进行定向控制，并先前通过MR兼容的微载体运输，被认为是能够达到肿瘤通过微脉管系统定位。

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