AgNORs

摘要： 为探究鱼类雄核发育新途径及自然四倍体泥鳅所产生的配子染色体组构成,采用自然四倍体泥鳅(4n=100)为父本、二倍体泥鳅(2n=50)为母本进行杂交,受精后5 min将受精卵放入3°C水中处理60 min诱导雄核发育二倍体泥鳅,并对其后代的血红细胞核体积、染色体核型、Ag-NORs带型及荧光原位杂交(FISH)信号等进行了研究.结果表明:对照组杂交三倍体泥鳅血红细胞核体积为(38.29±3.14)μm3,处理组雄核发育二倍体泥鳅血红细胞核体积为(27.92±3.58)μm3,二者血红细胞核体积之比为1.37:1;杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体数目3n=75,核型公式为15m+6sm+54t,NF=96,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体数目2n=50,核型公式为10m+4sm+36t,NF=64;杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体中,在3个染色体短臂的端部检测到3个FISH杂交信号,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体中,在2个染色体短臂的端部检测到2个FISH杂交信号;杂交三倍体泥鳅染色体和间期核中,呈现出Ag-NORs数目为1～3个,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体和间期核中,呈现出Ag-NORs数目为1～2个.研究表明,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅的染色体组构成为2套染色体组,表明自然四倍体雄性泥鳅能产生二倍体(2n)配子,该结果为自然四倍体雄性泥鳅是具有4套染色体组的遗传四倍体提供了重要的遗传学证据.

摘要： 为探究鱼类雄核发育新途径及自然四倍体泥鳅所产生的配子染色体组构成,采用自然四倍体泥鳅(4n=100)为父本、二倍体泥鳅(2n=50)为母本进行杂交,受精后5 min将受精卵放入3°C水中处理60 min诱导雄核发育二倍体泥鳅,并对其后代的血红细胞核体积、染色体核型、Ag-NORs带型及荧光原位杂交(FISH)信号等进行了研究。结果表明:对照组杂交三倍体泥鳅血红细胞核体积为(38.29±3.14)μm^(3),处理组雄核发育二倍体泥鳅血红细胞核体积为(27.92±3.58)μm^(3),二者血红细胞核体积之比为1.37∶1;杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体数目3n=75,核型公式为15m+6sm+54t,NF=96,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体数目2n=50,核型公式为10m+4sm+36t,NF=64;杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体中,在3个染色体短臂的端部检测到3个FISH杂交信号,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体中,在2个染色体短臂的端部检测到2个FISH杂交信号;杂交三倍体泥鳅染色体和间期核中,呈现出Ag-NORs数目为1~3个,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅胚胎染色体和间期核中,呈现出Ag-NORs数目为1~2个。研究表明,雄核发育二倍体泥鳅的染色体组构成为2套染色体组,表明自然四倍体雄性泥鳅能产生二倍体(2n)配子,该结果为自然四倍体雄性泥鳅是具有4套染色体组的遗传四倍体提供了重要的遗传学证据。

摘要： Background: The precise histopathologic diagnosis of a breast lesion is the first step towards the most appropriate inclusive patient’s management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between histochemical patterns of connective tissue fibers and NORs in breast lesions. Methodology: Patients with breast cancer (n = 25) were ascertained as the case group, and those with benign breast lesions were ascertained as a control group (n = 25). Histochemical evaluations of elastic fibers, reticular fibers and mean AgNORs count were performed for all study subjects. Results: Elastic fibers intensity was brought into being lessening in benign lesions and upturns in the direction of malignant lesions. The intensity of elastic fibers was found to intensify with rises of neoplastic changes in breast cancer and this was found to be statistically significant P Conclusion: Demonstration of connective tissue fibers (particularly elastic fibers) can strength the diagnostic evidence for conventional histopathology diagnosis. Mean AgNORs count can merge as an important quantitative marker in breast cancer diagnosis.

摘要： 为详细了解黄条染色体带型的形态特征,实验采用体内注射植物血细胞凝集素(PHA)和秋水仙素的方法,取黄条全部头肾细胞经低渗处理、卡诺氏液固定、空气干燥法制备染色体分裂相.通过不同的研究方法,分别研究和探讨其中期染色体多种带型(C带核型、G带核型和Ag-NORs)的显带特征和形态特征.黄条的带型研究结果显示:①C带特征为48条染色体均有大小不一的C带,其中第2、4、5、16、18和19对染色体具有端部C带,其余均为着丝粒C带,无居间带和整体呈C带阳性深染染色体;计算异染色质含量约31.53％;②Ag-NORs带特征为第5对染色体末端具有Ag-NORs,为端部Ag-NORs;银染显现间期核中核仁的数目为1～2个,显现出2个核仁的细胞数目较多,达到60％;③G带特征为同源染色体G带带纹大小和位置基本吻合,非同源染色体G带带纹大小和带纹的位置不尽相同.每条染色体都有数量不等的深染带和浅染带,无整条染色体显示深染G带或浅染G带,24对染色体中在条带的数量、大小、位置、染色深浅等方面未发现完全相同的染色体G带.该研究结果可为黄条种质判定、染色体组学研究和遗传育种等提供基础资料.

摘要： 采用常规核型分析、Ag-NORs及C-带技术对鲈鱼的核型特征进行了研究.研究结果如下:(1)鲈鱼二倍体染色体数目为48(2n=48),全部为端着丝粒染色体(t型),染色体臂数FN=48,没有异形性染色体;(2)在所观察的中期分裂相中,第12对同源染色体次缢痕处显示为稳定的Ag-NORs,此处为C-带阴性;(3)鲈鱼染色体着丝粒处具有微弱C-带,第1对染色体靠近着丝粒位置为C-带强阳性;(4)在某些中期分类相中具有多银染位点.

摘要： 采用常规核型分析、Ag-NORs及C-带技术对鲈鱼的核型特征进行了研究。研究结果如下：（1）鲈鱼二倍体染色体数目为48（2n=48）,全部为端着丝粒染色体（t型）,染色体臂数FN=48,没有异形性染色体;（2）在所观察的中期分裂相中,第12对同源染色体次缢痕处显示为稳定的Ag-NORs,此处为C-带阴性;（3）鲈鱼染色体着丝粒处具有微弱C-带,第1对染色体靠近着丝粒位置为C-带强阳性;（4）在某些中期分类相中具有多银染位点。

摘要： 为探讨杂交三倍体泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus配子染色体组的构成,以杂交三倍体泥鳅(3n)与二倍体泥鳅(2n)为研究对象,配制2n♀×3n♂和3n♀×2n♂杂交组合,对杂交后代的胚胎染色体进行银染(Ag-NORs)、CMA 3/DA/DAPI三重荧光染色和染色体荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)等方面的研究。结果表明:两个杂交组合的杂交后代胚胎染色体有丝分裂中期分裂相中最高银染点数均为3个,位于中部着丝粒染色体(M1)的端部区域;在2n♀×3n♂和3n♀×2n♂杂交后代胚胎染色体有丝分裂中CMA 3阳性部位有3个,位于中部着丝粒染色体(M1)的端部区域;将核糖体5.8S+28S rDNA定位在杂交后代胚胎染色体上,两种杂交组合均可检测到3簇杂交信号,位于中部着丝粒染色体(M1)的端部区域。研究表明,杂交三倍体泥鳅无论雌雄与二倍体泥鳅杂交所产生的后代染色体组构成均为3套染色体组,进而可推测,杂交三倍体泥鳅无论雌雄均可产生(1.5~2)n的配子,该结果为三倍体泥鳅配子染色体组成提供了细胞遗传学证据。

摘要： Fin cel s of natural diploid and tetraploid loaches subcultured after 20 generations were used for chromosome preparation, and karyotype, Ag-NORs, and CMA3/DA/DAPI were studied primarily. Results showed as follows:①Chromosome number of diploid cells was 2n=50, karyotype was 2n=10m+4sm+36t, NF=64;and chromosome number of tetraploid was 4n=100, karyotype was 4n=20m+8sm+72t. NF=128.②There were 2 Ag-NORs in the medium chromosome spread of diploid, and 4 in tetraploid, all in the terminal of the first metacentric chromosome(M1).③Positive CMA3 sites in diploid were 2, and 4 in tetraploid, all in the neuclear organizer region, as the terminal of the first metacentric chromosome(M1). In conclusion, chromosome number, karyotype and band type of cultured cells of both diploid and tetraploid were consistent with somatic cells. Therefore, methods in this study could be of great value for researches of cytogenetic and molecular genetics of loaches.%对传代20次的天然二倍体和天然四倍体泥鳅鳍细胞系进行染色体标本制备，并对其染色体核型、Ag-NORs及CMA3/DA/DAPI三重荧光染色等进行研究。结果显示，①二倍体泥鳅鳍组织培养细胞的染色体数目为2n=50，核型公式为：2n=10m+4sm+36t，NF=64；四倍体泥鳅鳍组织培养细胞的染色体数目为4n=100，核型公式为：4n=20m+8sm+72t，NF=128。②天然二倍体泥鳅鳍培养的细胞中期染色体分裂相有2个Ag-NORs，天然四倍体泥鳅鳍培养的细胞中期染色体分裂相有4个Ag-NORs，均位于第1对中部着丝粒染色体（M1）的末端。③天然二倍体泥鳅鳍培养的细胞染色体中期分裂相中CMA3阳性位点为2个，天然四倍体泥鳅鳍培养的细胞染色体中期分裂相中CMA3阳性位点为4个；均位于核仁组织区，即第1对中部着丝粒染色体（M1）的末端。结果表明，天然二倍体和四倍体泥鳅鳍培养细胞制备的染色体数目、核型和带型与体细胞一致。

摘要： 以珠江大学城江段草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)的肾细胞为实验材料,采用胸腔注射植物血球凝集素(PHA)、秋水仙素,低渗处理,空气干燥法制备染色体标本,分析其染色体的核型、银染(Ag-NORs)和C带.结果表明:①草鱼和赤眼鳟的染色体数目均为2n=48,草鱼核型公式和臂数分别为2n=22m+ 24sm+ 2st,NF=94,赤眼鳟的核型公式和臂数分别为2n=24m+ 22sm+ 2st,NF=94;均没有发现随体、次缢痕以及异型性染色体;②在草鱼和赤眼鳟的中期分裂相中,Ag-NORs均出现在染色体短臂的末端,且Ag-NORs的数目为4个的比例最大,但所处的位置有所不同;③草鱼和赤眼鳟的大多数染色体的着丝粒区域都有深浅不一的C带,但赤眼鳟的染色体中除了出现有着丝粒C带外,还有端部C带,而草鱼仅见着丝粒C带.

摘要： We documented the karyotype and Ag-NORs of Myxocyprinus asiaticus using a routine method includ-ing intraperitoneal injection of PHA and colchicine, air-drying, and staining. In addition, we determined the erythrocyte nuclear DNA content of M. asiaticus using flow cytometry, with chicken erythrocytes (2.50 pg) as a standard. The diploid chromosome number of M. asiaticus was 2n=100, and the karyotype was 2n=10 m+4 sm+12 st+74 t, NF=114. The secondary constriction, satellite chromosomes, and heterosomes were not observed. Silver staining revealed that most chromosomes featured a pair of Ag-NORs. The number of Ag-NORs ranged from 1 to 2 in the interphase nucleus, but Ag-NOR combinations were not observed. We estimated the diploid cellular DNA content of M. asiaticus was(5.50±0.24)pg and (6.16±0.03)pg using PI and DAPI fluorescent dyes, respectively. M. asiaticus was tetraploid, and is a member of the primitive fishes in the specific classification order.%　　采用植物血凝素、秋水仙素活体注射和肾细胞直接制片法分析了中国胭脂鱼(Myxiocyprinus asiaticus)的染色体核型和Ag-NORs显带；并以中国胭脂鱼血细胞为样本,鸡血细胞DNA含量为标准(2.50 pg),用流式细胞仪测定了中国胭脂鱼的 DNA 含量。结果表明：(1)中国胭脂鱼染色体数目2n=100,核型公式为10 m+4 sm+12 st+74 t, NF=114,未观察到次缢痕及随体,亦未发现有性染色体。(2)中国胭脂鱼染色体具有1对Ag-NORs,位于第1对染色体短臂上,间期核中Ag-NORs的数目为1~2个,未见Ag-NORs的联合现象。(3)PI和DAPI作为荧光染料,得出中国胭脂鱼DNA含量分别为5.50±0.24 pg和6.16±0.03 pg。(4)中国胭脂鱼为四倍体,在特定的分类阶元中属于较原始的鱼类。