Nursing education had its beginnings in hospital-based programs with working conditions that focused on bio-medical intervention and nursing curricula that were developed in large part by medical staff. Today, Canadian RNs are no longer educated to meet the requirements of specific hospital employers (Daly, Young, & Wertenberger, 1995). Nurses, who were once restricted from performing clinical procedures without a physician present (Stein, 1978), are now more autonomous and focus on wellness at the community and population level. In addition, nurses currently lead complex health care systems with multimillion dollar budgets (Goetz, Janney, & Ramsey, 2011) and advocate on behalf of marginalized populations (Pennington, Coast, & Kroh, 2010).
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