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Plasmodium prevalence across avian host species is positively associated with exposure to mosquito vectors

机译：整个禽类寄主中的疟原虫流行与暴露于蚊媒呈正相关

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The prevalence of vector-borne parasites varies greatly across host species, and this heterogeneity has been used to relate infectious disease susceptibility to host species traits. However, a few empirical studies have directly associated vector-borne parasite prevalence with exposure to vectors across hosts. Here, we use DNA sequencing of blood meals to estimate utilization of different avian host species by Culex mosquitoes, and relate utilization by these malaria vectors to avian Plasmodium prevalence. We found that avian host species that are highly utilized as hosts by avian malaria vectors are significantly more likely to have Plasmodium infections. However, the effect was not consistent among individual Plasmodium taxa. Exposure to vector bites may therefore influence the relative number of all avian Plasmodium infections among host species, while other processes, such as parasite competition and host-parasite coevolution, delimit the host distributions of individual Plasmodium species. We demonstrate that links between avian malaria susceptibility and host traits can be conditioned by patterns of exposure to vectors. Linking vector utilization rates to host traits may be a key area of future research to understand mechanisms that produce variation in the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens among host species.
机译：媒介传播的寄生虫的流行在宿主物种之间差异很大，这种异质性已被用于将传染病易感性与宿主物种特征相关联。但是，一些经验研究直接将媒介传播的寄生虫患病率与跨宿主的媒介暴露联系起来。在这里，我们使用血粉的DNA测序来估计库蚊（Culex蚊）对不同鸟类宿主物种的利用，并将这些疟疾载体的利用与禽疟原虫患病率联系起来。我们发现被鸟类疟疾载体高度利用为宿主的鸟类宿主物种明显更可能发生疟原虫感染。但是，该效果在单个疟原虫类群中不一致。因此，暴露于载体的叮咬可能会影响宿主物种中所有鸟类疟原虫感染的相对数量，而其他过程（例如寄生虫竞争和宿主-寄生虫共同进化）则限制了单个疟原虫物种的宿主分布。我们证明禽流感易感性与宿主特征之间的联系可以通过暴露于载体的模式来调节。将载体利用率与寄主性状联系起来可能是未来研究的关键领域，以了解在寄主物种中媒介传播的病原体患病率产生差异的机制。

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